在docker部署时，除了使用--link的方式来关联容器之外，还可以使用 docker compose 运行多个容器。

本文以项目：https://github.com/johncxf/go-api 为例。

定义 Dockerfile

我这里用于区分默认 Dockerfile 文件，在项目根目录下新建一个 Dockerfile-compose 文件：

FROM golang:alpine AS builder

# 在容器内部设置环境变量
ENV GO111MODULE=on \
    GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct \
    CGO_ENABLED=0 \
    GOOS=linux \
    GOARCH=amd64

# 设置后续指令的工作目录
WORKDIR /build

# 复制项目中的 go.mod 和 go.sum文件并下载依赖信息
COPY go.mod .
COPY go.sum .
RUN go mod download

# 将代码复制到容器中
COPY . .

# 将代码编译成二进制可执行文件
RUN go build -o go-api .


# 创建一个小镜像
#FROM scratch
FROM debian:stretch-slim

COPY ./config /config

# 从builder镜像中把 /build/go-api 拷贝到当前目录
COPY --from=builder /build/go-api /

# 需要运行的命令（docker compose 运行不需要执行这一行）
#ENTRYPOINT ["/go-api", "config/env.yml"]

docker-compose.yml

新建 docker-compose.yml配置文件与项目根目录下。

我这里配置了mysql、redis、go-api三个容器，配置以及说明如下：

version: "3.7"
services:
  mysql:
    # 镜像版本号
    image: mysql:8.0.33
    # 容器名
    container_name: go-web-mysql
    # 端口号映射
    ports:
      - "8306:3306"
    # 失败后总是重启
    restart: "always"
    command: "--default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password --init-file /data/application/init.sql"
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root123456" # root 账号密码
      MYSQL_DATABASE: "test"            # 数据库
    # 将mysql相关数据挂载到本机目录
    volumes:
      - ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/init.sql:/data/application/init.sql
      - ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql           #数据文件挂载
      - ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d      #配置文件挂载
      - ~/docker-data/go-api/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql            #日志文件挂载
  redis:
    # 镜像版本号
    image: redis:7.2.4
    # 容器名
    container_name: go-web-redis
    # 端口号
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    # 失败后总是重启
    restart: "always"
    # 以配置文件的方式启动 redis.conf
    command: "redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --appendonly yes --requirepass root123456"
    # 文件夹以及文件映射
    volumes:
      - ~/docker-data/go-api/redis:/data
      - ~/docker-data/go-api/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf
  go-api:
    # 容器名
    container_name: go-web-api
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile-compose  # 默认为 Dockerfile，这里重新定义为 Dockerfile-compose 文件
    # 失败后总是重启
    restart: "always"
    #    command: sh -c "./wait-for-it.sh mysql:3306 -- ./go-api ./config/env.yml"
    command: [ "/wait-for-it.sh", "mysql:3306", "--", "/go-api", "config/env.yml" ]
    # 依赖启动项
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis
    # 端口映射
    ports:
      - "8888:8088"

Mysql 状态检测

docker-compose.yml 配置文件中 depends_on字段仅能保证web服务启动时，mysql服务处于Running状态而不是Ready状态，因为go-api需要等待mysql启动后再启动，因此需要添加一个wait-for-it.sh脚本文件，检测mysql服务是否处于Ready状态。

在项目根目录下新建 wait-for-it.sh 文件

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Use this script to test if a given TCP host/port are available

WAITFORIT_cmdname=${0##*/}

echoerr() { if [[ $WAITFORIT_QUIET -ne 1 ]]; then echo "$@" 1>&2; fi }

usage()
{
    cat << USAGE >&2
Usage:
    $WAITFORIT_cmdname host:port [-s] [-t timeout] [-- command args]
    -h HOST | --host=HOST       Host or IP under test
    -p PORT | --port=PORT       TCP port under test
                                Alternatively, you specify the host and port as host:port
    -s | --strict               Only execute subcommand if the test succeeds
    -q | --quiet                Don't output any status messages
    -t TIMEOUT | --timeout=TIMEOUT
                                Timeout in seconds, zero for no timeout
    -- COMMAND ARGS             Execute command with args after the test finishes
USAGE
    exit 1
}

wait_for()
{
    if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT -gt 0 ]]; then
        echoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: waiting $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT seconds for $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT"
    else
        echoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: waiting for $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT without a timeout"
    fi
    WAITFORIT_start_ts=$(date +%s)
    while :
    do
        if [[ $WAITFORIT_ISBUSY -eq 1 ]]; then
            nc -z $WAITFORIT_HOST $WAITFORIT_PORT
            WAITFORIT_result=$?
        else
            (echo -n > /dev/tcp/$WAITFORIT_HOST/$WAITFORIT_PORT) >/dev/null 2>&1
            WAITFORIT_result=$?
        fi
        if [[ $WAITFORIT_result -eq 0 ]]; then
            WAITFORIT_end_ts=$(date +%s)
            echoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT is available after $((WAITFORIT_end_ts - WAITFORIT_start_ts)) seconds"
            break
        fi
        sleep 1
    done
    return $WAITFORIT_result
}

wait_for_wrapper()
{
    # In order to support SIGINT during timeout: http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/57692
    if [[ $WAITFORIT_QUIET -eq 1 ]]; then
        timeout $WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT $0 --quiet --child --host=$WAITFORIT_HOST --port=$WAITFORIT_PORT --timeout=$WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT &
    else
        timeout $WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT $0 --child --host=$WAITFORIT_HOST --port=$WAITFORIT_PORT --timeout=$WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT &
    fi
    WAITFORIT_PID=$!
    trap "kill -INT -$WAITFORIT_PID" INT
    wait $WAITFORIT_PID
    WAITFORIT_RESULT=$?
    if [[ $WAITFORIT_RESULT -ne 0 ]]; then
        echoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: timeout occurred after waiting $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT seconds for $WAITFORIT_HOST:$WAITFORIT_PORT"
    fi
    return $WAITFORIT_RESULT
}

# process arguments
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
do
    case "$1" in
        *:* )
        WAITFORIT_hostport=(${1//:/ })
        WAITFORIT_HOST=${WAITFORIT_hostport[0]}
        WAITFORIT_PORT=${WAITFORIT_hostport[1]}
        shift 1
        ;;
        --child)
        WAITFORIT_CHILD=1
        shift 1
        ;;
        -q | --quiet)
        WAITFORIT_QUIET=1
        shift 1
        ;;
        -s | --strict)
        WAITFORIT_STRICT=1
        shift 1
        ;;
        -h)
        WAITFORIT_HOST="$2"
        if [[ $WAITFORIT_HOST == "" ]]; then break; fi
        shift 2
        ;;
        --host=*)
        WAITFORIT_HOST="${1#*=}"
        shift 1
        ;;
        -p)
        WAITFORIT_PORT="$2"
        if [[ $WAITFORIT_PORT == "" ]]; then break; fi
        shift 2
        ;;
        --port=*)
        WAITFORIT_PORT="${1#*=}"
        shift 1
        ;;
        -t)
        WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT="$2"
        if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT == "" ]]; then break; fi
        shift 2
        ;;
        --timeout=*)
        WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT="${1#*=}"
        shift 1
        ;;
        --)
        shift
        WAITFORIT_CLI=("$@")
        break
        ;;
        --help)
        usage
        ;;
        *)
        echoerr "Unknown argument: $1"
        usage
        ;;
    esac
done

if [[ "$WAITFORIT_HOST" == "" || "$WAITFORIT_PORT" == "" ]]; then
    echoerr "Error: you need to provide a host and port to test."
    usage
fi

WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT=${WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT:-15}
WAITFORIT_STRICT=${WAITFORIT_STRICT:-0}
WAITFORIT_CHILD=${WAITFORIT_CHILD:-0}
WAITFORIT_QUIET=${WAITFORIT_QUIET:-0}

# Check to see if timeout is from busybox?
WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH=$(type -p timeout)
WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH=$(realpath $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH 2>/dev/null || readlink -f $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH)

WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG=""
if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT_PATH =~ "busybox" ]]; then
    WAITFORIT_ISBUSY=1
    # Check if busybox timeout uses -t flag
    # (recent Alpine versions don't support -t anymore)
    if timeout &>/dev/stdout | grep -q -e '-t '; then
        WAITFORIT_BUSYTIMEFLAG="-t"
    fi
else
    WAITFORIT_ISBUSY=0
fi

if [[ $WAITFORIT_CHILD -gt 0 ]]; then
    wait_for
    WAITFORIT_RESULT=$?
    exit $WAITFORIT_RESULT
else
    if [[ $WAITFORIT_TIMEOUT -gt 0 ]]; then
        wait_for_wrapper
        WAITFORIT_RESULT=$?
    else
        wait_for
        WAITFORIT_RESULT=$?
    fi
fi

if [[ $WAITFORIT_CLI != "" ]]; then
    if [[ $WAITFORIT_RESULT -ne 0 && $WAITFORIT_STRICT -eq 1 ]]; then
        echoerr "$WAITFORIT_cmdname: strict mode, refusing to execute subprocess"
        exit $WAITFORIT_RESULT
    fi
    exec "${WAITFORIT_CLI[@]}"
else
    exit $WAITFORIT_RESULT
fi

构建启动

# 会根据 docker-compose 文件，构建镜像，并启动所有容器
$ docker-compose up -d

# 查看容器
$ docker-compose ps -a

# 停止所有容器
$ docker-compose down

启动成功后，接下来就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:8888进行访问了。

如果连接 Mysql 出现报错，可以参考：

Msql 进入容器使用 127.0.0.1连接mysql报错：ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '127.0.0.1' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server，可以直接输入 mysql进入，执行以下操作：

> use mysql;
> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Mysql root 密码设置不生效解决：

> use mysql;
> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root123456';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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